Oklahoma Pit and Fissure Sealants State Practice Exam

What percentage of phosphoric acid is typically used for etching in sealant procedures?

1. 10-20%

2. 20-30%

3. 34-37%

4. 40-50%

The correct answer is: 34-37%

In sealant procedures, the use of phosphoric acid for etching is critical for creating an adequate surface profile on the enamel to promote the adhesion of the sealant material. The typical concentration of phosphoric acid used for this purpose is within the range of 34-37%. This concentration is effective in removing the smear layer and demineralizing the enamel surface, which enhances the mechanical bonding of the sealant. A higher concentration, while potentially more effective, may lead to over-etching, which can damage the tooth structure or adversely affect subsequent bonding. On the other hand, lower concentrations might not be sufficient to adequately prepare the enamel surface, leading to poor sealant retention. Therefore, the range of 34-37% strikes a balance that achieves optimal surface conditioning for effective sealant application.