Oklahoma Pit and Fissure Sealants State Practice Exam

What is used to obtain sealant retention by etching enamel?

1. Hydrochloric acid

2. Phosphoric acid

3. Citric acid

4. Lactic acid

The correct answer is: Phosphoric acid

Phosphoric acid is the preferred choice for etching enamel to enhance sealant retention. This acid is effective because it selectively removes a small portion of the enamel structure, creating a more porous surface. This process increases the surface area available for adhesion, allowing the sealant to bond more effectively to the enamel. The use of phosphoric acid also results in a clear and defined pattern of etching, which is crucial for achieving optimal retention. Additionally, its ability to create a microretentive surface is instrumental in securing the sealant in place, thus promoting its durability and effectiveness in preventing caries in pits and fissures. Other acids, such as hydrochloric acid, citric acid, and lactic acid, do not provide the same level of effectiveness for enamel etching. Hydrochloric acid can be too aggressive and not specific to enamel, while citric and lactic acids are generally milder and may not achieve the desired etching pattern needed for optimal sealant retention.