What is the primary mechanism by which sealants prevent caries?

Sealants play a crucial role in caries prevention primarily through their function as a physical barrier to plaque and acids. When applied to the pits and fissures of teeth, particularly molars, sealants create a protective coating that prevents food particles and bacteria from accumulating in these vulnerable areas. This barrier effectively reduces the risk of caries formation by obstructing the pathways through which cavity-causing bacteria can initiate tooth decay.

While enhancing remineralization of enamel, introducing fluoride, and increasing saliva production are all beneficial practices in oral health, they are not the primary mechanism of how sealants function. Sealants aim to directly intercept and protect the enamel surface from the external sources that lead to decay, making them particularly effective in high-risk areas of the teeth where mechanical cleaning might not adequately reach. Thus, their ability to provide this physical barrier is integral to their efficacy in caries prevention.